A Linux Commands List PDF is a comprehensive document containing various Linux commands, their syntax, and usage instructions for managing a Linux system.
Linux is currently the most popular open-source operating system, which can also be modified according to your convenience. It was developed by Linus Torvalds on 17 September 1991. If you are using the Linux operating system then you should know all types of commands related to it. If you want to download Linux Commands List PDF then click on the link given below the article.
The structure of any Unix operating system is made up of 4 components.
Kernel – This part is called the heart of Linux. Because it is the core part of the operating system. All types of commands and tasks are done with the help of the kernel. It helps in communication between software and hardware. There is only one kernel in a Linux operating system.
Shell – This is a command line interpreter, which interconnects the user and the kernel. And all types of programs and commands are typed in the shell itself and executed with the help of Kernel. Because it deletes all types of commands and sends a request to the program to attribute it, it is also called a command interpreter.
Utilities – This part provides a powerful operating system to the person using Linux.
Hardware – It is the physical layer, in which all types of peripheral devices are connected.
Advantages of Linux Operating System
- Linux is an open-source operating system, which you can modify as per your wish.
- It has been seen that the security of Linux is better than other operating systems. Whenever you want to access Linux, you need a login ID and password.
- There is a free operating system, which you can download for free.
- Linux OS is of very small size so it does not use much memory of the computer.
- Jai makes operating system software updates faster.
- Other operating systems hang but it never hangs.
- It supports all types of programming languages C, C++, Java, and Python.
File Commands
| Is | Directory listing |
| Is -al | Formatted listing with hidden files |
| Is -It | Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification |
| cd dir | Change directory to dir |
| cd | Change to home directory |
| pwd | Show current working directory |
| mkdir dir | Creating a directory dir |
| cat >file | Places the standard input into the file |
| more file | Output the contents of the file |
| head file | Output the first 10 lines of the file |
| tail file | Output the last 10 lines of the file |
| tail -f file | Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with the last 10 lines |
| touch file | Create or update file |
| rm file | Deleting the file |
| rm -r dir | Deleting the directory |
| rm -f file | Force to remove the file |
| rm -rf dir | Force to remove the directory dir |
| cp filel file2 | Copy the contents of filel to file2 |
| cp -r dirl dir2 | Copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if not present |
| mv file1 file2 | Rename or move file1 to file2, if file2 is an existing directory |
| In -s file link | Create symbolic link link to file |
Process Management
| ps | To display the currently working processes |
| top | Display all running process |
| kill pid | Kill the process with given pid |
| killall proc | Kill all the process named proc |
| pkill pattern | Will kill all processes matching the pattern |
| bg | List stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped job in the background |
| fg | Brings the most recent job to foreground |
| fg n | Brings job n to the foreground |
File Permission
| chmod octal file | Change the permission of file to octal,which can be found separately for user,group,world by adding, 4-read(r), 2-write(w), 1-execute(x) |
Searching
| grep pattern file | Search for pattern in file |
| grep -r pattern dir | Search recursively for pattern in dir |
| command | grep pattern | Search pattern in the output of a command |
| locate file | Find all instances of file |
| find . -name filename | Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with filename |
| pgrep pattern | Searches for all the named processes , that matches with the pattern and, by default, returns their ID |
System Information
| date | Show the current date and time |
| cal | Show this month’s calender |
| uptime | Show current uptime |
| W | Display who is on line |
| whoami | Who you are logged in as |
| finger user | Display information about user |
| uname -a | Show kernel information |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | Cpu information |
| cat proc/meminfo | Memory information |
| man command | Show the manual for command |
| df | Show the disk usage |
| du | Show directory space usage |
| free | Show memory and swap usage |
| whereis app | Show possible locations of app |
| which app | Show which applications will be run by default |
Compression
| tar cf file.tar file | Create tar named file. tar containing file |
| tar xf file.tar | Extract the files from file.tar |
| tar czf file.tar.gz files | Create a tar with Gzip compression |
| tar xzf file.tar.gz | Extract a tar using Gzip |
| tar cjf file.tar.bz2 | Create tar with Bzip2 compression |
| tar xjf file.tar.bz2 | Extract a tar using Bzip2 |
| gzip file | Compresses file and renames it to file.gz |
| gzip -d file.gz | Decompresses file.g back to file |
Network
| ping host | Ping host and output results |
| whois domain | Get whois information for domains |
| dig domain | Get DNS information for domain |
| dig -x host | Reverse lookup host |
| wget file | Download file |
| wget -c file | Continue a stopped download |
Shortcuts
| ctrl+c | Halts the current command |
| ctrl+z | Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background |
| ctrl+d | Logout the current session, similar to exit |
| ctrl+w | Erases one word in the current line |
| ctrl+u | Erases the whole line |
| ctrl+r | Type to bring up a recent command |
| !! | Repeats the last command |
| exit | Logout the current session |