Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Rules Chart with Examples PDF Download
If you are preparing for any competitive exam, then you must have Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Chart, because with its help you will be able to crack any exam. Click on the link given below to download the complete PDF.
| Language | English |
| Pages | 5 |
| Size | 636 KB |
| Source | PDFNOTES.CO |
Anything can be said in two ways. Direct Speech and Indirect. When something is said as it is, it is called direct speech. But when a thing is said in a direct way, that is, to say the thing in its own way, it is called indirect speech. Some examples are given below.
- Direct Speech – Heena said, “I walk.”
- Indirect Speech – Heena said that she walked.
- Direct Speech – He said, “I can cook food.”
- Indirect Speech – He said that he could cook food
What is Direct & Indirect Speech?
To change a sentence of direct speech into indirect speech there are various factors that are considered such as reporting verbs, modals, time, place, pronoun, tense, etc. we will take up all the factors one by one.
Direct speech – reporting the message of the speaker in exact words as spoken by him.
Direct speech example: Rama said ‘I am busy now’.
Indirect speech: reporting the message of the speaker in our own words
Indirect speech example: Rama said that he was very busy then
Changes in Modals
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Must | Had to/ Would have to |
| Should | Should |
| Might | Might |
| Could | Could |
| Would | Would |
| Ought to | Ought to |
Changes As Per Tense
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Present simple | Past simple |
| Present continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present perfect | Past perfect |
| Past simple | Past perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| Future simple | Present Conditional |
| Future Continuous | Conditional Continuous |
Changes in Place and Time
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Now | Then |
| Here | There |
| Today | That day |
| Tomorrow | The next day |
| Last week | The previous week |
| This | That |
| Tonight | That night |
| Ago | Before |
| Thus | So |
| Hither | Thither |
| Come | Go |
| Hence | Thence |
| Next | Following |
Changes of Pronouns
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| I | He/she |
| You | He/she/they |
| We | They |
| They | They |
| He | He |
| She | She |
| It | It |
| Us | Them |
| Our | Their |
| His | His |
| Her | Her |
| Its | Its |